Wednesday, September 06, 2006

The Importance of a Pure Heart

Jay Gluck was a young man trying to make a living as a writer and photographer in Post-World War II Japan. He sold an article on the exotic fighting art of Karate to True magazine and started looking for another equally exciting subject for men's magazines.

He was able to convince a slight old man to perform a filmed demonstration for his article. Gluck secured the assistance of several off-duty Air Force MPs and the use of a few spare Judo mats. The young men were all experienced fighters and athletes with a knowledge of karate and judo, and were even armed with a few bokken. Gluck set up his camera with high expectations.

And his expectations should've been high, because the old martial artist he had engaged for the filmed demo was Morihei Ueshiba, founder of Aikido.

The MPs attacked Ueshiba for several minutes, but never laid a hand on the man. Instead, they broke out into amazed laughter and childlike giggling as they fell over and into each other while Ueshiba danced out of the way.

Later, the editors of True rejected the film as staged. They found it impossible to believe the little old man could keep a group of sturdy young men from easily catching him. They pointed out the MPs often weren't even looking at Ueshiba, and their stupid grins indicated -- obviously -- that they weren't taking the attack seriously.

Gluck, a well educated man, was struck by a Biblical passage during the filming. Luke 4:28, "And all they in the synagogue, when they heard these things, were filled with wrath. And rose up, and thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill whereon their city was built, that they might cast him down headlong. But he (Jesus), passing through the midst of them, went his way." And also John 10:39 "Again they tried to arrest him, but he escaped from their hands." Gluck expressed these thoughts to both a minister who viewed his pictures, and Ueshiba himself. Both men agreed with Gluck, but Ueshiba (an adherent to a splinter Shinto mystic group) claimed, "In learning aiki, you must make yourself pure. He who was already pure, intuitively knew aiki from the beginning."

Jay Gluck wrote a book: Zen Combat, and you can read more about his adventures in martial arts.

Sunday, September 03, 2006

Shogun Assassin

I started a spat over at Dan Dorman's blog. I asked Mr. Dorman about the proposed Hollywood version of Lone Wolf & Cub a series of Japanese samurai movies. Mr. Dorman was able to inform me, to my dismay, that the remake will be turned into a Western.
The discussion quickly turned to the first American incarnation of the film, Shogun Assassin. This was a re-cut, re-edited combination of the first two movies in the Japanese series. The plot was garbled. Somehow, the result is still regarded as brilliant. Even with the FM DJ voices doing the dubbing, it does achieve a strange brilliance from the Chinese fortune cookie dialogue, quick cut action, and psychedelic special effects added to the mix.
The Japanese movies were based on a comic book, or manga, which ran to 26 volumes. They tell the story of how the Shogun's executioner was framed by the shogun's assassins, and the long road to vengeance the excutioner and his son travel together. Blood runs thick through the pages as every (yes, every) weapon in the classical Japanese martial arts arsenal is brought into play. Even though the action always has central place, as the story develops Buddhist theology and philosophy come into play
One of the things the movie fanatics over at DD said was that obviously the gents who made Sin City saw Shogun Assassin a few times. Well, yes they did. Tarantino references the movie visually several times during both volumes of Kill Bill and near the end of the movie, The Bride watches the movie as a bedtime story with her newly found daughter. She compares her new relationship with the little girl to the Ronin and his child.
More importantly, Frank Miller -- credited as a co-director for Sin City, and author and artist of the comic book originals -- has been a huge fan of the Lone Wolf and Cub Manga since the early Seventies when a friend thrust them into his hands. Frank couldn't read a word of Japanese, but he devoured the art and the influence on his drafting style is obvious any time you lay the two side by side. In the perfect storm of the late seventies and eighties, Frank's Japanese obsession meshed with other cultural imports from the Asian archipeligo. Frank gave us the ninja assassin Elektra, her nemesis the Hand, and soon ninja were everywhere in comic books: Wolverine, GI Joe, the spoof Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles which further morphed into a "serious" series... All directly influenced by Lone Wolf and Cub. Ninja became a household word partly because of Frank's efforts.

I have the first two movies in the LW&C series on DVD, and the last movie on Video tape. I also have the complete run of LW&C manga which Dark Horse Comics finished publishing about three years ago. You can actually find the LW&C manga in your local Borders, assuming you can step over the teenage girls who sprawl in the manga aisle so they can giggle over the romantic manga. And of course, I recommend all versions without reservation. Lone Wolf & Cub in any format is a towering achievement of imagination.

Wednesday, August 30, 2006

Fight Science

National Geographic Channel recently aired Fight Science which showcases many different martial arts and the physics behind their incredible skills. I have this on tape, but I haven't had a chance to watch it yet. I know several of you have, so please feel free to comment on the show's best and worst moments. I'd love to know what you thought of the show and the way they presented the skills. I should get a chance to watch my copy over the course of the next few days. (3-Day weekend coming, you know!)

"Specialized" is a much more politically correct term than "Ninja"


A very reasonably priced "ninja-to" from Cheness Cutlery. If I had an extra $190.00 I'd be buying this in an instant.

Godzilla!!!!!!!


Godzilla finally gets released in original form on DVD in Gojira!

"Gojira" literally means "gorilla whale." Don't ask why. Who cares, why? Before you run out to buy the new 2-disc DVD set, you should know that the original Japanese movie is an allegory about the Atomic bomb and was meant to be taken seriously. The good news is, it is easier to take seriously without Raymond Burr added in. However, if you insist on the cheesy version, they do include the Raymond Burr version also. Enjoy.

Shinobi Katana

I came across this and thought some of you might be interested. Sorry about the really small picture posted here. Check out the link for better pics.

Friday, August 25, 2006

Happy Birthday, Sir Sean!

Today is Sean Connery's 76th Birthday!
Here is Sir Sean with several karateka back when he was filming You Only Live Twice. This is a movie of special importance to ninja history in the West. It was one of the first mainstream mentions of the mysterious art of ninjutsu. The plot, which was ridiculous of course, has James Bond traveling to Japan to investigate the disappearance of numerous space capsules. He teams up with Tiger Tanaka, the head of the Japanese Secret Service, and commander of a specially trained band of ninja. Bond undergoes brief ninja training (accelerated by his sheer "Bond-ness" no doubt) and later leads the ninja commandos on a raid of the Spectre hideout deep within a dormant volcano. (Why yes, I'm sure this was a real Bond movie, and not an Austin Powers. Why do you ask?)

When the producers went to Japan, they interviewed a number of martial artists to portray the ninja. To their surprise, they were pointed to an actual ninjutsu practitioner, Yoshiaki Hatsumi! They contacted Hatsumi (who hadn't yet changed his given name) for a meeting. Unfortunately, the producers were delayed by other business, and did not make the meeting. They attempted to reschedule the meeting, but Hatsumi declined. If the producers were not going to take ninjutsu seriously, why should he treat them seriously! This may have been the right attitude. The filming of the ninja training took place at Osaka Castle, a historic landmark. Tour guides still point out the marks left in the walls from shuriken, left not by real ninja, but by careless extras in the 1960's!
Hmmm. A Sean Connery mask. Do you think real spies use this to get past suspicious border guards?

Sean in The Rock. Which may be a bad movie, but sure is a lot of fun!

Wednesday, August 16, 2006

The Most Controversial Man in Martial Arts

The balding man on the left in this picture may be the most controversial man in martial arts right now. His name is Dave Lowry, and he is the author of several books on traditional Japanese martial arts, Black Belt Magazine's The Karate Way column, and his hometown's food critic. This is a good, brief biography of the man.

So what makes him so controversial? Well, he still believes that traditional martial arts, with their funny uniforms, their dated rituals and etiquette, and reliance on using kata to transmit knowledge actually matter. Pick up a copy of Black Belt any month these days, and you will find at least a couple of letter writers ready to tell the world that this man is an idiot who obviously knows nothing about "real fighting." What drove me to write this posting was a recent letter in which the writer misunderstood a statement about the historical existence of ninja in Japan. I'm guessing that the writer probably studies some branch of the Takamatsuden martial arts, and has fully and completely bought the store-front version of ninja history that we frequently recount to the newbies, and use to confuse the masses of lookie-loos...

Here's the deal, at least as I see it: Mr. Lowry began his martial arts career in the 1960's in Judo. He had the extreme good fortune to meet a visiting professor from Japan who agreed to teach him Yagyu Shinkage Ryu, one of the most prestigious martial arts systems (focusing on sword) in all of Japan. Mr. Lowry, over the years, has practiced a good many of the traditional Japanes martial arts, both ancient koryu bujutsu systems and modern Budo forms, including karate, aikido, and jodo. He has witnessed all the major martial arts trend come and go: the kung fu craze, prizefight kickboxing, the ninja boom, ultimate fighting, tournament stars becoming movie heroes, and "reality-based fighting"... He's been there and done that.

And over the years, he has stayed true to his teachers, who gave him much more valuable lessons than how to disable an Islamic Fascist Terrorist in a phone booth with a good leg choke and a dull toothbrush handle... One lesson was that truth endures: things may change, but a throw is a throw, a punch is a punch, a kick is a kick, a cut is a cut. If you learn the principles and understand why they work, you will be able to apply them in any situation.

The other lesson was that martial arts aren't just about kicking butt, but enduring even though a blade may be held over your heart. That's more about character than being the deadliest man on your block. That's about being the best person you can be, because you only ever have control over your own destiny. I know those are statements that a lot of young studs just entering on their martial arts journey may have a hard time understanding, but if they endure, they will come to appreciate the full gifts of the martial arts.

In the meantime, Mr. Lowry will have a new book published very soon. Is it 100 different ways to apply an armlock, or 30 best ways to choke somebody who isn't wearing a gi? No. It called In the Dojo and it will explain the hows and whys of etiquette in a traditional school. I can't wait for it. My order is already in at my local bookstore.

Maybe I'll explain Mr. Lowry's views on ninja history in another post.

Is this, like, even legal in some states of the Union?

The Pussycat Dolls. These girls are described as "entertainers." Welcome to Spice World, ladies...

Navi Rawat

Who? Okay, she's not a household name, yet, but you wait. You watch. The Hollywood machine will eventually make her big, huge, and unexpected.
Navi Rawat is probably best known for playing Mathematics Grad Student Amita on Numb3rs, an FBI solves crimes through math Friday night procedual/thriller brought to you by Ridley and Tony Scott's production company.
But she's been bouncing around Tinseltown for a few years doing journeyman work, and when the whole "Latin Girls are So Hot" thing dies down, her smoldering, Subcontinent ethnic looks will be a prime seller for the casting directors. Joss Whedon fans might recognize her as the psycho Vampire Slayer that captured Spike in the last season of Angel -- and chopped off his hands! That debacle led to one of the few really good philosophical exchanges that season; a rumination on the true nature of the real things that go bump in the night.

Wednesday, August 02, 2006

Oh, boy...

Mel. What can I say?
As gossip columnist Liz Smith pointed out, you're way out ahead on digging yourself out of this hole with your mug shot. You've got theat winsome, bad boy smirk and only a single stray hair somewhat out of place. Who could forget Michael Jackson's mugshot? Or Gary Busey? Or Hugh Grant? You've got them all beat. You still look pretty good for post-bender, post-arrest. And we all learned from Billy Crystal, "It's better to look good, than to feel good."

My theory is that you were doing your little bit to normalize realtions between the US and the Arab world. It was a misguided attempt, but when everyone else complains about current events, you actually try to do something. Too bad it was such a horrible miscalculation.

Good luck.

Next Project

I have been planning a new WH40K army for a couple of months now. My previous army was Black Templars, and with a name like that, it is no surprise that their armor was mostly black. I plan on going the opposite route this time and do a White Scars army.

The White Scars have a couple of interesting quirks. Their background is based on the Mongol hordes. Instead of fighting on horseback, the White Scars fight mostly from motorcycles. And, of course, white is the major color in their livery. There are very few actual White Scars models, which means I have to do a little converting to get the full "We live in the saddle" effect for the army.

Unfortunately, I was waylaid by th need to effect some (minor) roof repairs. So my timetable to get started on this project has "slipped" and I probably won't get to it until early Fall. I'm thinking this might be a good opportunity to learn how to actually post my own pictures and not just ones I've stolen off the web. So stay tuned for work in progress pictures of this project.


Favorite Authors: Barry Eisler


I just finished The Last Assassin by Barry Eisler, which is the latest (and hopefully not the last) in his John Rain thrillers. These books follow the misadventures of Japanese-American John Rain, a cosmopolitan man with a love of Jazz, Scotch and Judo, who happens to be a top-notch hitman.

Mr. Eisler maintains a first class website, with an attached blog and his favorite links. I think many of Mr. Eisler's obsessions will appeal to my readers, so I heartily recommend his website, if only for the links.

There are many interesting tid-bits in the author's biography, but my favorite is his admission that he has always been interested in "forbidden topics." I sense a kindred spirit, and my mental image of his personal library matches my own bookshelves pretty closely. But I bet his collection is even better...

Another really cool thing about Mr. Eisler is that he has "been to see the elephant," so to speak. For example, John Rain is a Judo black Belt trained at the Kodokan dojo itself. Mr. Eisler also is a Kodokan trained black belt, earned while he lived in Japan. His love of martial arts is evident throughout the books. Mr. Eisler shells out the bucks to keep his own self-defense skills at a peak level, so if you ever go to a book signing of his... don't mess with him!

Sunday, July 23, 2006

Thought for the Day

Thank you, God
for standing by me
so far this day.
With your help, I haven't
been impatient, grumpy
or judgmental
But...
I'll be getting
Out of bed soon,
and I'll be needing
Your help even more.

Who Says My Blog Isn't Educational? or, Why you'll never watch "Predator" the same way again...


This post was inspired by the release of My Super Ex-Girlfriend starring Luke Wilson and Uma Thurman. No, I haven't seen the movie, Nor do I plan to see it. But on my last outing to the movies, I was subjected to the preview of this dreck. The plot is boy meets girl, Boy breaks up with girl. Boy discovers girl is a superhero with powers and abilities far beyond those of mortal girlfriends. Then she uses her powers to harass her ex-boyfriend. The inspirational moment in the preview was a scene of the superheroine flinging a Great White Shark into his apartment after discovering him in bed with another woman.

"Oh," I thought midway through the flight of the shark, "It's another vagina dentatus."

Vagina Dentatus is a psychological/literay term for the symbolic fear of immasculation. It literally mean "vagina with teeth." "Vagina" is Latin for "sheath," and was a common word as well as slang term for female anatomy. Thus, every Roman soldier had a vagina. Sorry, old Classicist joke... The idea for the vagina dentatus image is self-explanatory. It is a symbol of castration and immasculation; a manifestation of the male adolescent fear of women and the sexual act. Like most psycho-literary devices, it is best used as a subtle symbol. The maelstrom Scylla in The Odyssey, which employs a running sub-plot of the tempatations of infidelity, is a subtle use of the image. Even the shark in Jaws evokes the vagina dentatus as one of the many primordial fears it evokes.

Super Women flinging a Great Whites into the hot bed of an ex-lover is hardly subtle.

Perhaps the greatest movie exploring the vagina dentatus theme is Predator. Yes, I'm serious.

On the surface, predator is the story of a commando team sent on a jungle rescue mission. After they complete their raid, they are hunted by a mysterious warrior who turns out to be an extraterrestrial big game hunter. Clearly it is an update of the short story "The Most Dabgerous Game" or perhaps Beowulf.

Yeah, it's that too. But with a sexual horror subtext.

Our commando team are all buff, macho men belonging to an exclusive fraternity of men. They are all warrior archetypes, the quintessential masculine role. Among them are various sub-types: the mystic, the nerd, the leader, the rivel, the stoic, the braggart. We are given an initial view of them being very good at what they do, so long as they stay within their all-male world.

At the camp, in the aftermath of their scorched earth attack, they encounter a woman guerilla. They capture her ostensibly for her intelligence value, but we are never given any evidence that she knows anything of value, and they make no serious attempt to question her. But it is only after this woman is taken -- by force -- into the male group that trouble plagues the team.

There are three quick scenes after the woman's capture that mark the transition to the bulk of the story. in one scene, two commandos share a bawdy joke, tellingly the punchline of the joke is about female sexual anatomy. In the next scene, two commandos have a tense moment in which one believes for a split second he is about to be stabbed from behind-- a symbolically (homo-)sexual attack. Instead, one commando is killing a scorpion which had crawled onto the second commando. The scorpion is important, because as the commandos fade into the jungle, it provides an important image for the final transition scene.

This third trasition is the first time we encounter the monster, although we view the scene through the monster's heat-vision. The monster comes down into the devastated camp, replaying snippets of the overheard conversations. The monster then picks-up the dying scorpion. The monster's heat-vision, the outline of the scorpion resembles an x-ray view of a uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries and we watch it grow cold and black right in front of our eyes.

The first commando to die is the Geek. This is the one we would expect to be most vulnerable to a predatory female power. He is killed while chasing after the woman in an escape attempt. The next commando to die is the braggart, who carries the largest and most potent weapon (i.e. phallic symbol) in the squad. During this encounter, the monster is briefly seen, and the commandos manage to wound it while unleashing an otherwise futile "mad minute" of firepower.
The only person to realize the monster is wounded is the woman. She links herself to the monster by touching its strange blood trail, then wiping it on her pants. This act calls to mind the menstrual cycle.

Basically, the team is killed off one-by-one. They bring all their manly skills to the problem but nothing works. Big guns and knives come into play for more phallic imagery, but still the monster beats them. During a lull in this action, the woman reveals she knows something about the monster. Local legend recognizes the hunters as "the demon who makes trophies of men." This links the woman even closer to the monster, and even specifies the threat as being aimed at men.

Really, the last crucial thematic moment comes near the end of the movie and caps all that came before. The leader is alone in fighting the monster in primitive, hand-to-hand combat. The monster doffs the helmet/mask it has been hiding behind and reveals its most intimate self to the leader. The face is pale, the eyes are so small as to be inconsequential. The most prominent feature is its hideous, slash-like mouth -- it resembles nothing som much as a vagina with pointy teeth and grasping claws that pull things in and do not let go. The leader's words are classic and sexually charged: "You're one, ugly motherf*cker."
The leader, of course wins. Which could be viewed as the eventual triumph of mature masculinity over the adolescent fear of the sexual -- or it might be simple Hollywood storytelling. Regardless, Predator uses the vagina dentatus as the organizing principle. This is a fight between sexual roles and fears.

I know -- assuming you've read this far. You're thinkig there is no way this was intentional. You're probably right. But that is why it works. They couldn't set out to make a movie about the vagina dentatus and make it half as well. In fact, one of the reasons this theme pulls together so well is the design of the monster's face. In fact, the monster design wasn't finalized until near the end of shooting. The now familiar Predator monster was a compromise the production team was originally unhappy with.

Another clue that Hollywood didn't realize what it made is that the Predator monster -- which is objectively sexless -- became a masculine symbol of warrior power (exactly what it fought and mocked) in future incarnations. The last movie even pitted the masculine power symbol Predators against the feminine power symbol Aliens (which are an embodiment of a nightmare vision preganacy, birth, motherhood and family in the sickest of ways).

Keysi Fighting Method


I was watching my DVD of Batman Begins last weekend, when I finally got around to watching the extras on disc 2. There is a great short feature on the fight choreography for the movie. As we have already discussed at length on this site, Bruce Wayne is trained in a secret ninja training facility somewhere in Tibet -- or Bhutan, as the extras on the DVD point out. But how many of you have even heard of Bhutan? Oh, and while I'm at it, let me drop this controversial quote from a kung fu website into our old debate: "Upon release, he makes his way to the Himalayas, climbs a mountain, winds up with the League of Shadows, bumps into Ducard, and Ducard tells him that they are all ninjas. What would have been neater and geographically correct would be for Ducard to explain that they are a remnant of the Chinese Forest Devils that existed in South China, the true progenitor of the ninja. (?) Then having a group of assassins who look and fight like ninjas but live in the Himalayas wouldn't have been a stretch. Likewise, the training sequences would have made more sense since Bruce undergoes Shaolin pole training, where people fight on top of tall wooden logs hammered into the ground as seen in Donnie Yen's IRON MONKEY."

Unfortunately, the fighting system used for the fight scenes is not genuine ninjutsu (or to be more accurate, taijutsu). Instead, the producers turned to a far newer style called the Keysi Fighting Method. The short on the DVD is great and makes the Keysi look really dynamic. But then, it has to be photgenic or they wouldn't have used it for the movie, or devoted valuable DVD space on the short. Keysi in action looks a bit like Thai Kickboxing without the kicking. It's all close range, brutal elbows being swung into exposed portions of the adversary. The fighting, at least in the video, is done mostly at trapping range.

Keysi was developed by two friends, one of them trained in the Bruce Lee tradition of Jun Fan kung fu, Jeet Kune Do and the Filipino arts. The other is English, which accounts for the penchant for close-range head butting, I'm sure. Beyond Hollywood, I've never heard anything about this art, but it sure looks cool. But can it deliver the goods outside of a carefully arranged fight sequence?

Pressure Point Fighting

I recently had the opportunity to get a ten-minute sample of the controversial fighting system of George Dillman from an instructor trained in the Ryukyu Kempo karate style. For those of you who are unfamiliar with the man and his martial art, George Dillman teaches a karate style with a heavy emphasis on pressure point attacks. While this isn't exactly a new theory in martial arts, what makes this controversial are the claims of one-touch knock-outs which seem incredible. To keep things controversial, the explanations for these seemingly miraculous powers are wrapped in traditional Chinese medical theory, which is by no means widely accepted in the West.
My ten minute exposure to this system was tantalizing. The instructor offered a handful of techniques that seemed promising, but were not revolutionary to pressure point techniques I'd previously seen. Let me say this, all of the techniques would work. But I have to admit, I was skeptical of the truly devastating effects that promised to shut down organs.

The one-touch knock-outs, on the other hand, seemed to be a real possibility, because they would likely cause a concussion. (Now, allow me to digress for a moment... I was talking about the demonstration with some classmates, and there was some confusion about what is a concussion. I thought it was a "brain bruise." Someone else thought it was a hairline fracture of the skull. So I thought it best to look it up. One reference called a concussion a "traumatic vibration of the brain." Here's what Wikipedia says about a concussion. Despite my confusion, my assessment that the Dillman techniques would cause a concussion still stands.)

As I conclude, let me emphasize that a ten minute demonstration is hardly going to give a fair view of a full martial arts system, so I'm afraid that I'm not going to resolve any controversy over the issue of one-touch knock-outs, organ shutdowns, body meridians, chi channeling, or anything else. All I can say is, I was intrigued. Sure, the rational part of my brain grasped at reasonable explanations -- it even found some -- but that doesn't mean something else isn't afoot.

Actually, one of the things I've been working on in my own training is more careful listening and observation. It wasn't until sometime after the opportunity to see this demonstration that I realized I wasn't listening carefully enough because I was too busy thinking. Maybe I'll do better next time. But in the meantime, I'm going to retreat into my vast martial arts library to read-up on Okinawan karate, Ki, Chinese medicine, and pressure points fighting.

Mindless Grazing in the Vast Wasteland

Right now, as I type today's blog postings, I am watching Charlton Heston in Soylent Green. Now, I don't want spoil anything, but... SOYLENT GREEN IS PEOPLE!!!!!!!!

Wednesday, July 12, 2006

The Ruler of All Men

800 years ago, a bow-legged warrior of forty was elected by his countryman as their "universal ruler" after campaigning most of his life to unite the nomadic horse tribes of the Asian steppe. Temujin was crowned Genghis Khan, and proclaimed the Ruler of All Men.
Genghis Khan has an extremely bad reputation in the West. But if you look at his achievements first, and then consider even his warlike behavior in comparison to our Western historical figures, he actually comes off pretty good.

Genghis Khan rose from being dirt poor, literally eating vermin to keep his family alive, to ruling the largest Empire ever conquered by a single man. His immediate goals were to unite the nomad tribes of the Mongols and secure their prosperity. He did this with a certain degree of ruthlessness, to be sure, but he was always fair and stuck to his word. He frequently offered peace and alliance to his enemies. If they submitted without a fight and swore allegiance to him, no harm would befall them and he would ensure they were treated as equals.

Having been poor, he always treated the lowest classes with dignity and fairness. He instituted a merit system of advancement, and most of his generals were common-born men who proved they could lead. His general Subotai is an example of this merit system in action, and also an example of the great trust he placed in his men. Subotai was given free command of an army and covered 90 degrees longitude as he sped across Asia and into Europe in two years. Then he returned home. This was an unprecedented feat. It took the Romans nearly 400 years to conquer the territory Genghis Khan and his generals conquered in 25. Mongol armies, sometimes even the same men, fought both European knights and Japanese Samurai; and neither the Europeans or Japanese even knew of each other's existence.

Genghis Khan was a firm believer in trade and education. After conquering an area, he would take time to interview the scholars and sages. The evidence indicates he enjoyed speaking with these people, and more importantly, he put their ideas into action to administer his new empire, or provide engineering services for his army.

The learned engineers of conquered China helped transform the Mongol army from horse archers to skilled siege masters, the weakness in steppe warrior experience that for centuries had relegated them to raid and retreat tactics. The scholars helped codify a simple, but broadly satisfying legal code. Genghis Khan's law included religious tolerance, free trade, and care for the elderly.

Believe it or not, Genghis Khan outlawed torture. This innovation did not last beyond two generations of his dynasty, but it was strictly adhered to during his reign. He also was careful to protect diplomatic envoys in his care, and expected the same courtesy in return. More than one war began when Mongol envoys were mistreated (i.e. killed and mutilated) when they were sent abroad.
Genghis Khan's fearsome reputation is a legacy of his adventure out of Central Asia into the firmly Muslim lands of Southwest Asia and the Middle East. Here he discovered a redoubtable enemy, and began the scorched earth policy that we now associate with the words "Mongol Horde." It was the Persians who called him a "scourge of God." The Arabs and Persians fought bitter campaigns to the last man, and Genghis Khan sought to crucsh this stiff resistence. The few cities which surrendered and accepted the benovolent rule of the Mongols took the trust to be a sign of weakness and erupted into open rebellion. The Mongols reurned to these rebel cities and wiped them from the face of the earth, trampling the buildings into the earth and killing all who opposed them.

That's not Keira Knightly!


And besides... We all know ninjas beat pirates any time.